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1. |
Prevention
It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is formed.
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2. |
Atom Economy
Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials usedin the process to the final product.
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3. |
Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses
Whenever practicable, synthetic methodologies should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment.
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4. |
Designing Safer Chemicals
Chemical methods should be designed to preserve efficacy of function while reducing toxicity.
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5. |
Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries
The use of auxiliary substances (e.g. solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary whenever possible and, innocuous when used.
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6. |
Desing for Energy Efficiency
Energy requirements should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. Synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.
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7. |
Use of Renewable Feedstocks
A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting wherever technically and economically practicable.
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8. |
Reduce Derivatives
Unnecessary derivatization (blocking group, protection/deprotection, temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be avoided whenever possible.
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9. |
Catalysis
Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents.
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10. |
Design for Degradation
Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they do not persist in the environment and break down into innocuous degradation products.
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11. |
Real-time analysis for Pollution Prevention
Analytical methods needed to be further developed to allow for real time, in process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances.
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12. |
Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention
Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen so as to minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including releases, explosions, and fires. |
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